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《維摩詰經》對勘材料

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序號1-3

梵語 dvātriṃśatā ca bodhisatvasahasrair abhijñānābhijñātaiḥ [1-3-1] sarvair mahābhijñāparikarmaniryātaiḥ buddhādhiṣṭhānādhiṣṭhitaiḥ [1-3-2] saddharmanagarapālaiḥ saddharmaparigrāhakairmahāsiṃha- nādanādibhiḥ daśadigvighuṣṭaśabdaiḥ [1-3-3] sarvasatvānadhyeṣitakalyāṇamitraiḥtriratnavaṃśā- nupacchetṛbbhiḥ [1-3-4]
支謙譯 菩薩三萬二千,皆神通菩薩。一切大聖,能隨俗化。佛所住者,皆已得住。為法城塹,護持正法。為師子吼,十方聞聲。眾人不請,祐而安之。興隆三寶,能使不絕。
鳩摩羅什譯 菩薩三萬二千,眾所知識。大智本行,皆悉成就。諸佛威神之所建立。為護法城,受持正法。能師子吼,名聞十方。眾人不請,友而安之。紹隆三寶,能使不絕。
玄奘譯 菩薩摩訶薩三萬二千,皆為一切眾望所識。大神通業,修已成辦。諸佛威德,常所加持。善護法城,能攝正法。為大師子吼聲敷演,美音遐振,周遍十方。為諸眾生不請善友,紹三寶種,能使不絕。
英譯 Also to be found there were thirty-two thousand Bodhisattvas bodhisattvas who are great beings; universally known; devoted to the exercise of the great super-knowledges; upheld by the supernatural action of the Buddhas; guardians of the town of the Law; roaring the lion’s roar in response to the cry echoing in the ten regions; having become, without being asked the good friends of all beings; refraining from interrupting the lineage of the triple jewel.
現代漢譯 有三萬二千菩薩,都是大家所知道的,全都精於神通修行,為佛的威神力所加持。〔他們〕是正法之城的保護者,完全掌握正法,能發出大獅子吼般的聲音,聲音響徹四方。〔他們〕是一切眾生不需勸請的好友,能使三寶的傳承綿延不斷。

序號1-3-1

梵語 dvātriṃśatā ca bodhisatvasahasrair [1-3-1-1] abhijñānābhijñātaiḥ [1-3-1-2]
梵語非連聲形式 dvātriṃśatā ca bodhisatvasahasraiḥ abhijñānābhijñātaiḥ
支謙譯 菩薩三萬二千,皆神通菩薩
鳩摩羅什譯 菩薩三萬二千,眾所知識
玄奘譯 菩薩摩訶薩三萬二千,皆為一切眾望所識
現代漢譯 有三萬二千菩薩,都是大家所知道的

序號1-3-1-1

梵語 dvātriṃśatā ca bodhisatvasahasraiḥ
支謙譯 菩薩三萬二千
鳩摩羅什譯 菩薩三萬二千
玄奘譯 菩薩摩訶薩三萬二千
現代漢譯 三萬二千菩薩

dvātriṃśatā ⇨ dvātriṃśat < dva-triṃśat num.f.sg.ins. 三十二
dva ⇨ num. 二
triṃśat ⇨ num. f. 三十
ca ⇨ conj. 和、以及。連接mahatā bhikṣusaṃghena 和 dvātriṃśatā bodhisatvasahasraiḥ,一起受sārdham支配
bodhisatvasahasraiḥ ⇨ bodhisattva-sahasra n.pl.ins. 千位菩薩,與之前的數詞三十二相乘,即三萬二千位菩薩。依主釋(屬格關係)
bodhisattva ⇨ m. 以覺悟為本質者,音譯作菩提薩埵。持業釋(同位語關係)
bodhi ⇨ <√budh m.f. 覺悟,音譯作菩提
√budh ⇨ 覺醒
sattva ⇨ sat-tva (1) n. 存在、本質。(2) m.n. 有知覺的生命體,漢譯作有情、眾生
sat ⇨ √as ppt. 存在
√as ⇨ 存在
tva ⇨ 形成中性抽象名詞的後綴
sahasra ⇨ num. n.一千

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